Spectrum 1: Nicotinaldehyde (R3, C3)

Frequency Assignment
3037-3090

n(CH, sp2)
2743, 2841

n(CH), aldehyde)
1708

n(C=O, aldehyde)
1471, 1480, 1576, 1590

n(C=C, C=N, aromatic)

Spectrum 2: p-Nitrobenzyl alcohol (R1, C2)

Frequency Assignment
3522 n(OH, alcohol)
3072, 3082

n(CH, sp2)
2868-2925

n(CH, sp3)
1512, 1603

n(C=C, aromatic)
1344, 1512

n(NO2)
1460

d(CH2, bend)
1059

n(C-OH, prim. alcohol)

Spectrum 3: Allylbenzene (R3, C4)

Frequency Assignment
3006-3082

n(CH, sp2)
2833-2979

n(CH, sp3)
1638

n(C=C, alkene)
1495, 1603

n(C=C, aromatic)
1453

d(CH2, bend)
914, 994 oop, mono-subst. alkene
699, 741

oop, monosubst. arene

Spectrum 4: 4-Acetylpyridine (R4, C1)

Frequency Assignment
3030-3062

n(CH, sp2)
2866-2920

n(CH, sp3)
1697

n(C=O, conj. ketone)
1492, 1596

n(C=C, aromatic)
1362

d(CH3, bend)
817

oop, 4-subst. pyridine

Spectrum 5: Ethylbenzoate (R5, C4)

Frequency Assignment
3035-3091

n(CH, sp2)
2874-2983

n(CH, sp3)
1713

n(C=O, conj. ester)
1492, 1603

n(C=C, aromatic)
1368, 1451

d(CH2, CH3, bend)
1109, 1276

n(COC, ester)
711

oop, monosubst. arene

Spectrum 6: 1,5-Hexadiyne (R2, C1)

Frequency Assignment
3297

n(CH, sp)
2851, 2922

n(CH, sp3)
2123

n(C≡C)
1434

d(CH2, bend)
643

d(CH, alkyne)

Spectrum 7: 2,4-Dimethylbenzoic acid (R5, C2)

Frequency Assignment
2400-3400

n(OH, carboxylic acid)
1690

n(C=O, conj. acid)
1497, 1611

n(C=C, aromatic)
1452

d(CH3, bend)
1286

n(C-OH, acid)

Spectrum 8: 3,3-Dimethylglutaric anhydride (R3, C1)

Frequency Assignment
2876-2977

n(CH, sp3)
1777, 1811

n(C=O, anhydride)
1380, 1461

d(CH2, CH3, bend)
1077, 1186

n(COC, anhydride)

Spectrum 9: m-Di-tert. butylbenzene (R1, C4)

Frequency Assignment
3020-3151

n(CH, sp2)
2853-2963

n(CH, sp3)
1492, 1602

n(C=C, aromatic)
1362

d(C(CH3)3, bend)

Spectrum 10: Isobutyramide (R5, C1)

Frequency Assignment
3185, 3351 n(NH2, prim. amide)
2855-2965

n(CH, sp3)
1638

n(C=O, amide, d(NH2, bend)
1373, 1456

d(CH3, bend)


Note: The designation behind the name is the row and column number the molecule is located in the table.

General comments:

1. The average grade for the assignment is ~37 points (out of 40). If you scored around or less than 30 points, I would advise you to see your TA or the instructor to seek some help. There is still some time to practice and do better in the final exam.

2. One of the most common mistakes was not to analyze the n(C-H) region correctly to determine what type of compound (alkane, alkene, aromatic) is present. Just writing "sp3" or "C-H" is not sufficient here.

3. The n(OH) peaks for carboxylic acids and alcohols look very different and can be easily identified by looking at them (see reader). However, in some cases intramolecular hydrogen bonding broadens and shifts (to lower wavenumbers) the peak of an alcohol.

4. Carbonyl peaks can be shifted to lower wavenumbers when the carbonyl function is conjugated to another p-system e.g. double bond or aromatic ring.

5. The presence of two peaks in the carbonyl range (1630-1850 cm-1) indicates either the presence of an "anhydride type" of function or two different carbonyl functions. These peaks can vary grealy in terms of their relative intensities. I

6. Peaks due to amine, alkyne or alcohol functions are very different in appearance. Alkyne peaks (CH stretch) are very sharp and fairly intense due to an "isolated" motion. Amine peaks are usually a little broader and less intense. The presence of two peaks suggests a primary amine (NH2) while secondary amines show only one peak in this range. Alcohols (OH-stretch) usually show a rounded peak in this area. There is also a difference between amine and amides in terms of width and intensity of the peaks.

8. If the spectrum shows a lot of peaks (independent from their size), the molecule has to have a lot of atoms and also cannot be very symmetric.

9. Amide and amine are not the same functionality! Many students mislabeled the peaks in these peaks.