Organic Compounds are either 1) water soluble or 2) water insoluble.

1) Water soluble: Typically low molecular weight compounds which contain a polar functional group are water soluble. Alcohols, aldehydes, amides, amines, carboxylic acid, esters, ethers, ketone and nitriles containing up 1-5 carbons are water soluble. Most organic salts are also water soluble.

2) Water insoluble: Most high molecular weight neutral organic compounds are water insoluble. As the amount of the hydrocarbon portion (hydohobic portion) on a molecule is increased its solubility in water decreases. For example, 1-butanol in water soluble, however, 1-hexanol is water insoluble.

3) Solubility in 5% HCl: amines

4) Solubility in 5% NaHCO3 (sodium bicarbonate): Carboxylic acids

5) Solubility in 5% NaOH: Phenols and carboxylic acids

Of coarse there are exceptions but these can usually be easily spotted. Compounds that contain mutiple functional groups like amino acids are water soluble.....